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Myopia is the most common eye problem and is estimated to affect 1.5 billion people (22% of the world population). Rates vary significantly in different areas of the world. Rates among adults are between 15% and 49%.[1]

Bilateral myopia: Having two myopic eyes

What does bilateral myopia mean? Myopia (nearsightedness) is a vision impairment that causes difficulty in focusing on objects and signs that are far away. The condition is common among children and adults and can occur in one or both eyes. When it occurs in both eyes, it is called bilateral myopia.[2]

What does "bilateral" mean in medical terms?

Bilateral: Affecting both sides. /bʌɪˈlat(ə)rəl/

For example, bilateral arthritis affects joints on both the left and right sides of the body.

• Myopia is a Greek word Which means close the eye in other hands myopia means I shut the eye , the term was introduced from the habit of half – shutting the eye to improve distant vision. Myopia or Short Sightedness is a type of refractive error in which parallel rays of light coming from infinity are focused in front of the retina , when accommodation is at rest.
• Nearsightedness (myopia)is a common vision in which we can see objects near to us clearly, but objects farther away are blurry.[3]

What causes bilateral myopia? Bilateral myopia occurs when each eyeball is longer than normal, or when the cornea and/or lens is too curved. In rare cases, it can be due to the location of the lens and cornea relative to each other. A combination of these factors can also be responsible for bilateral myopia.[2]

Myopia is one of the most common refractive disorders, which occurs when there is no harmony between ocular power and eye length growth. Because of this decompensation, the image of distant objects results in being out of focus. Distance objects are focused anteriorly to the retinal plane, resulting in a blurry perception of the visual images. Even though the refractive error changes from birth to adulthood, the major changes occur during childhood when the eye develops. The emmetropization mechanism is responsible for the compensation between the changes of the ocular components during eye development to guide the refractive error towards emmetropia. The ametropia presence in adulthood is considered the result of the failure of emmetropization or emmetropia maintenance.[4]

What causes bilateral vision?

Bilateral visual loss can occur with disease processes affecting both optic nerves, the chiasm, or the postchiasmal visual pathways. Each of these anatomic regions produces a different pattern of visual loss.[6]

What are the things that increase myopia?

Several factors can contribute to the development of myopia, including: [4]

• Genetics: Myopia often runs in families, suggesting a hereditary predisposition.
• Prolonged close-up activities.
• Screen time. eResearch by Navid Ajamin -- autumn 2024
• Environmental factors: Extensive near work, such as reading or using electronic devices for prolonged periods, may contribute to the onset or progression of myopia.
• Ethnicity: Studies suggest a higher prevalence of myopia in certain ethnicities, including East Asians and Hispanics.

What is the most common form of myopia?

Axial myopia results from the eyeball being too long relative to the eye's focusing power. It is the most common type of childhood myopia. Myopia in children is usually due to axial myopia. The axial length of the eyeball is the distance from the cornea to the retina.[5]

Reference:

1. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myopia
2. allaboutvision.com/conditions/myopia/bilateral-myopia
3. optography.org/types-of-myopia
4. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10532298
5. allaboutvision.com/conditions/refractive-errors/different-types-of-myopia
6. journals.lww.com/continuum/abstract/2009/08000/bilateral_visual_loss_approach,_localization,_and.6.aspx
7. nature.com/articles/s41572-020-00231-4