ابزار وبمستر

گاهی وقت ها سفیدی چشم به رنگ زرد درمی آید. این تغییر رنگ می تواند علل مختلفی داشته باشد، از جمله افزایش ماده ای به نام بیلی روبین در خون. بیلی‌روبین یکی از رنگدانه های صفراوی است که از تجزیه هموگلوبین حاصل می شود.زردي چشم ممكنست علل مختلفي داشته باشد. غير از علل عمومي آن در چشم ممكن است به دليل بيماري هاي پلك و يا ملتحمه ايجاد شده باشد كه با معاينه مشخص مي گردد. در غير اين موارد، تابش طولاني مدت آفتاب باعث ايجاد لكه هاي زرد رنگي در اطراف سياهي چشمي مي گردد و در بعضي از موارد بصورت ساختماني و بدون علت بيماري اين حالت ديده مي شود كه درمان خاصي براي آن وجود ندارد.

اگرچه زردی چشم زردی چشم همیشه نشانه ابتلا به هپاتیت نیست بلكه ممكن است فرد به سندرم «ژیلبرت» مبتلا شده باشد.

چند عامل شناخته شده که باعث ایجاد زردی چشم می‌شوند:

  1. التهاب حاد کبد Acute inflammation of the liver
  2. التهاب مجاری صفراوی Inflammation of the bile ducts
  3. گرفتگی مجرای صفرا Bile duct obstruction
  4. آنمی / کم خونی Anemia - وقتی تعداد زیادی از گلبول‌های خونی از بین بروند، میزان بیلی روبین تولیدی نیز افزایش می‌یابد) و یا کم خونی همولیتیک (افزایش سریع در سطح بیلی‌روبین به تغییر رنگ چشم منجر می‌شود. گاهی کل بدن بیمار تحت تاثیر کم خونی همولیتیک قرار می‌گیرد که این به ظاهر شدن لکه‌های زرد در تمام قسمت‌های بدن می‌انجامد.
  5. سندروم ژیلبرت- یک بیماری ارثی کبدی که در آن توانایی آنزیم‌ها برای انجام پروسه‌های آنزیمی کاهش می‌یابد
  6. بیماری کلستازیس - در این بیماری گردش صفرا در کبد منقطع می‌شود و به جای دفع در کبد باقی می‌ماند.
  7. تب هموراژیک - ملتحمه لایه‌ی پوستی بسیار ظریفی است و ممکن است بدون هیچ دلیل خاصی بترکد. این ترکیدن می‌تواند به تغییر رنگ چشم از سفید به قرمز روشن یا زرد منجر شود.بیماران مبتلا به هموراژیک ممکن است در خلال ترکیدن بافت هیچ درد یا اشکالی در بینایی احساس نکنند، اما، خارش و ورم چشم دو مورد از علائم رایج آن هستند.
  8. میخوارگی (اعتیاد به مصرف الکل) - همواره باید از نوشیدن الکل پرهیز کرد چون برای سلامتی بسیار خطرناک است و احتمال هپاتیت، مشکلات قلبی، سیروز، بی اشتهایی، عادات نادرست خواب، و سایر مشکلات و بیماری‌ها را افزایش می‌دهد.
  9. سیگار کشیدن
  10. تابش زیاد نور آفتاب - در واقع سفیدی چشم ها حالت مات و کدر پیدا می کند که این مسئله ارتباطی با بالا رفتن بیلی روبین خون ندارد.
  11. مصرف برخی داروها - مثل شیمی درمانی، هورمونی و یا مربوط به بدن سازی
    هپاتیت
  12. بیماری های گوارشی - این بیماری ها صرفا یک علامت ندارند و علامت های زیاد دیگری هم مشاهده می شود
  13. زردی ژنتیکی و نژادی - در این افراد پوست بدن و ملتحمه چشم و حتی زیر زبان به زردی می زند.این افراد هنگام گرسنگی و تشنگی دچار زردی پوست هم می شوند که معمولا گذراست.
    غلظت بیلی روبین (زردی خون) برخی از افراد به طور ژنتیكی بیش از دیگران است. این سندرم بیشتر در مردان به علت مسائل هورمونی پس از دوران بلوغ بروز می كند. در دوران بلوغ علایم این سندرم ظاهر می شوند البته آنان از بدو تولد به ژیلبرت مبتلا بوده اند.ممکن است زنان هم به ژیلبرت مبتلا باشند ولی چندان دچار زردی نمی شوند.این سندرم، بسیار شایع است به گونه ای كه ۱۰ درصد مردم جهان به آن مبتلا هستند.
  14. گرسنگی های طولانی مدت چند روزه، مصرف برخی از داروهای هورمونی و مربوط به بدنسازی باعث بروز بیشتر زردی چشم می شود. البته سایر آزمایش های افراد مبتلا به ژیلبرت، طبیعی است. مبتلایان به ژیلبرت در مصرف مواد غذایی، فعالیت بدنی و مصرف دارو محدودیتی ندارند و لازم نیست از داروی خاصی به علت ابتلا به این سندرم استفاده كنند.
  15. تب شالیزار (لپتوسپیروز) - رایج در افرادی است که در مناطق گرم‌تر زندگی می‌کنند. این عفونت معمولا به خاطر مصرف آب آشامیدنی ناسالم (آلوده به ادرار حیوانات) به وجود می‌آید. کسانی که به نوشیدن آب از حوضچه‌های راکد عادت دارند احتمال دارد به تب شالیزار مبتلا بشوند.

لکه زرد اطراف چشم ها
بیماری های قلبی می توانند یکی از دلایل به وجود آمدن این لکه ها باشند. این لکه های زردرنگ که اغلب در نزدیکی گوشه داخلی پلک به وجود می آیند، نرم، کوچک و بدون درد هستند و مشکلی در بینایی ایجاد نمی کنند. این مشکل اغلب با تصلب شرایین، دیس لیپیدمی و بیماری عروق کرونر در ارتباط است.

افرادی که دارای چشم حساس اند، بر اثر التهاب مزمن و جذب خون دچار زردی چشم می شوند که با گذشت زمان با استفاده از اشک مصنوعی رفع می شود. eResearch by Navid Ajamin -- spring 2013

افرادی که مبتلا به بیماری هپاتیت هستند نیز به عارضه زردی چشم دچار می شوند.بیماری هپاتیت، بیماری خطرناکی است که بلافاصله بعد از دیدن زردی چشم و رنگ زرد ادرار باید درمان شود.

افرادی که دارای چشم حساس اند به مرور زمان بر اثر التهاب مزمن با جذب خون و رفع قرمزی چشم به زردی چشم مبتلا می شوند این عارضه با گذشت زمان و تجویز اشک مصنوعی و ضدعفونی کننده ها توسط پزشک متخصص چشم رفع می شود.

زردی چشم در بعضی از افراد به صورت خال بروز می کند که از طریق عمل جراحی برطرف می شود.

زردی نوزادی

از مواردی كه در روزهای اول پس از تولد باید به دقت مورد توجه والدین قرار گیرد، تغییر رنگ پوست یا ملتحمه چشم نوزاد به زردی است.

بیش از 60 درصد نوزادان در روزهای اول پس از تولد دچار زردی می‌‌شوند. بروز این زردی در نوزادانی كه زودتر از موعد به دنیا آمده‌اند، بیشتر است.

علت بروز این زردی تجزیه بیشتر گلبول‌های قرمز و تولید ماده‌ای به نام بیلی روبین است.

نكته حائز اهمیت آن است كه در نوزادان این ماده به آسانی از سد مغزی - خونی عبور می کند و موجب آسیب سلول‌های مغزی می‌گردد كه در آینده خود را به صورت عقب‌ماندگی ذهنی و معلولیت‌های حركتی و ناشنوایی نشان می‌دهد. بنابراین زردی نوزاد از مواردی است كه باید آن را جدی تلقی کرد و حتما درمان نمود.

Image result for yellowish eyes

10 Home Remedies for Jaundice in Newborns -- parenting.firstcry.com

چنانچه میزان این زردی بالا نباشد، درمان با نور انجام می‌شود، اما در صورت زردی بالا، جهت جلوگیری از آسیب مغزی، تعویض خون باید صورت گیرد.

One type of discoloration of the front of the eye is conjunctival icterus,

which is the medical term for yellow eyes.(Sometimes, the term scleral icterus also is used to describe yellow eyes.)

The eyes usually start to turn yellow when a compound called bilirubin accumulates in the blood.

This type of yellowing is often referred to as jaundice.
Yellowing of the eyes and skin are almost always symptoms of a condition that requires medical treatment.
This can prevent serious complications, including organ damage.

Home remedies for yellow eyes include eating a healthful diet high in fiber and lean protein.
The best way to get rid of the yellowing is to treat the underlying cause and any other conditions present.

When jaundice is caused by an infection, such as hepatitis C or malaria, a person may need to take antibiotics, antifungals, or antivirals.

When jaundice is the result of alcohol or drug use, a person may need medical assistance to help with quitting or reducing consumption.

If dietary habits are behind jaundice, a person should eat more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, legumes, and lean meats.

Jaundice can also result from organ damage, sometimes caused by:anemia, an injury , cirrhosis ,a blockage, cancer

Depending on the extent of damage and the organs affected, treatments may include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or blood transfusions.

Aside from a yellowing of the skin, one of the clearest signs of jaundice in an infant is the yellowing of the eyes.

Jaundice is very common in newborns, and only around 1 in 20 infants affected will require medical treatment.

Neonatal jaundice can usually be resolved by increasing breast-feeding sessions to 8–12 times daily.

The aim is to speed up digestion and bilirubin removal.

When treatment is necessary, a doctor may recommend phototherapy with fiber optic blankets.

Yellow eyes are only one symptom of newborn jaundice.

Jaundice is very common in newborn infants because the liver is still maturing.

New parents should also watch for the following symptoms:

yellow skin, lack of energy, irritability, fever, trouble with eating

Bilirubin often builds up faster than the immature liver of an infant can break it down, causing jaundice to occur frequently.

Some causes of newborn jaundice require further treatment. These include:

  • Blood incompatibility jaundice: When a mother and a fetus do not have compatible blood types, the mother's body may attack the red blood cells of the fetus while it is in the womb. As the mother's antibodies are already breaking down the infant's red blood cells before birth, this type of jaundice may occur as early as 1 day old.
  • Jaundice of prematurity: Premature babies are at the greatest risk of jaundice because their livers are highly underdeveloped. Premature babies may have more severe jaundice or jaundice alongside a number of other conditions.
  • Infections: Some bacterial infections, such as sepsis, can cause newborn jaundice.
  • Hemorrhage: Internal bleeding can cause jaundice. Premature infants face a particularly high risk of hemorrhages.

Melanin This right lateral sclera image shows melanin pigment, the brownish coloured 'splotch' you can see in the sclera. This sign is common as a pigmentation spot in a person with darker skin and brown/hazel eyes, representing a genetic predisposition to liver dysfunction. However it does not present the same pathological circumstance as when the melanin sign appears in a blue eyed, fairer skinned person, which is more important/consequential.When the melanin is located close to the iris, it shows mild to moderate liver hardening with associated bacterial infection. When located in an area/s away from the iris, it represents more severe hardening of liver tissue, with sugar system involvement. A substantial diet and lifestyle change, with ongoing liver cleansing and support, is necessary in this circumstance to avoid the condition and sign worsening over time.

Parasites & Worms The sclera image shows a very distinct parasite sign – a Protozoa to be specific. The line (in the left of the sclera) is very red and acidic and is shaped like a hook. Attached to this ‘hook’ are multiple enclosed spaces (circles or boxes) which is also an indicator that worms and parasites are present in the body. Parasites play a major role in the disease process, and can be detectable in many different signs within the sclera and the body. Many parasites, worms and viruses are polymorphic - which means they adapt very well to their environment. Some can play a beneficial role within the body when living in healthy, oxygenated tissue, but are also able to take on a negative form, attacking the body and increasing acidity and toxicity levels when their environment is mouldy or necrotic. With correct nutrition and a strict worm and parasite cleanse, these can be addressed and expelled from the body, with the lines eventually fading away.

 The Perpendicular The Perpendicular is a sign that shows trauma, from either cyst, tumour or physical injury, and is represented as one line joining another – usually from the in- or outside of a semi-circular line. This sign often appears in the uterine and testicular areas, usually present in clients suffering from neoplastic testicular/prostate involvement or cystic ovaries. Some people’s bodies just like to make cysts/tumours, more often than not though they are benign. It is important to look for additional signs that may explain the type of cyst/tumour and other possible related health problems to get a more accurate understanding of the body’s current state of health. To the right of the lower quadrant in the below eye is a Perpendicular located in the prostate. This Perpendicular line is also very obviously thickening toward the iris – which may represent a sign of active neoplasm. It is also important to note that there are worm/parasite pockets and bacteria present in this area, which are very common with this sign.

Liver Dysfunction The sclera image has a very strong, acidic line running into the liver area of the sclera (to the left of the iris). This shows acute congestion of the liver and is simply called the Liver Dysfunction sign. This may be caused from excessive intake of alcohol and drugs, an unhealthy diet high in processed foods or a profession in which airborne smoke-type toxins were regularly inhaled. This can be a common sign, with some sort of liver congestion evident in most sclera’s. With correct nutrition, gentle liver cleansing and ongoing liver support, this congestion can be reduced and the line will fade as a result of improvement in health.

Drug Imbedment The sclera image is of drug imbedment primarily in the colon – a straight line running parallel to a wavy line. This is a D1, early stages of drug imbedment of simple tissue. This can be reversed and the lines will, in turn, fade away with correct cleansing and nutrition. However, if the issue and general health of the individual is not addressed, it could lead to drug-induced lowered function, loss of function, tissue destruction and eventually drug-induced neoplasm.

Uneven Parallels: Fatty Buildup There are multiple uneven parallels in the medial quadrant of this right eye. This sign presents as it is named, as uneven parallels (one thicker line parallel to a thinner line), and indicates a degree of fatty buildup within the arterial walls. Although in this circumstance these lines here are are quite faint and thin, they are present throughout both of this client's eyes which may indicate a growing issue that should be monitored. If accompanied by fat metabolism dysfunction markings or liver congestion, it may indicate an issue with this clients ability to digest and metabolise fats, which may be causing the fatty buildup. Diet changes and supplementation should see these lines retreat.

Yellow Central heterochromia

Someone with central heterochromia has different colors within the same eye. Complete heterochromia is when they have two different colored eyes. Heterochromia of the eye is caused by variations in the concentration and distribution of melanin, the pigment that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes.

What we do know about eye color determination is that it involves two pigments: melanin (brown pigment), and lipochrome (yellow pigment). It also depends on how the iris scatters light. When you see someone with light-blue eyes, it means there is an absence of melanin or brown pigmentation. Conversely, when you see someone with dark-brown eyes, they have an abundance of melanin.

زردی چشم ناشی از پینگوکولا (Pinguecula)

A pinguecula is a yellowish, slightly raised thickening of the conjunctiva on thewhite part of the eye (sclera), close to the edge of the cornea.

Pinguecula treatment depends on how severe the symptoms are. It's especially important for anyone with pingueculae to protect their eyes from the sun, since it's the sun's harmful UV rays that causes pingueculae to develop in the first place and encourages them to keep growing.

To help protect your eyes from pingueculae, shield your eyes from the sun whenever you are outdoors in daylight (even on overcast days because the sun's UV rays penetrate clouds).

Consider purchasing photochromic lenses, which darken automatically in sunlight and provide 100 percent UV protection. Photochromic lenses also shield your eyes from harmful high-energy blue light. Ask your eye care professional for details.

If a pinguecula is mild but accompanied by dry eye irritation or foreign body sensation, lubricating eye drops may be prescribed to relieve symptoms. Scleral contact lenses sometimes are prescribed to cover the growth, protecting it from some of the effects of dryness or potentially from further UV exposure.

Pingueculae also can lead to localized inflammation and swelling that is sometimes treated with steroid eye drops or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). If dry eye is the cause of the pinguecula, eye drops formulated to treat dry eyes also may be prescribed.

Surgical removal of a pinguecula may be considered if it becomes especially uncomfortable, if it interferes with contact lens wear or blinking or if it is cosmetically bothersome.

26 possible conditions:- healthline.com/symptom/yellow-eyes

Image result for pinterest yellow eyes

  1. Jaundice occurs when there is excessive bilirubin in your system.
  2. Hepatitis refers to an inflammatory condition of the liver. It's commonly caused by a viral infection.
  3. A biliary obstruction blocks the bile ducts, which carry bile to the small intestine for digestion and waste removal.
  4. Damage to the liver from excessive drinking can lead to ARLD(Alcohol-Related Liver Disease).
  5. Cirrhosis is the severe scarring and poor function of the liver caused by long-term exposure to toxins such as alcohol or viral infections.
  6. Gallstones can block your bile duct and cause abdominal pain.
  7. Thalassemia is a blood disorder in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin.
  8. G6PD deficiency is a genetic condition caused by a lack of the G6PD enzyme in the blood.
  9. Acute pancreatitis is an inflammation in the pancreas, which causes pain and swelling in the upper left side of the abdomen, nausea, and burping.
  10. An ABO incompatibility reaction can occur if you receive the wrong type of blood during a blood transfusion.
  11. Newborn jaundice is a yellowing of a baby's skin and eyes.
  12. Red blood cells are normally shaped like discs, which allows them to travel through blood vessels. Sickle cell disease causes red blood cells to be sickle-shaped. (Sickle Cell Anemia)
  13. Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia is a rare blood disorder.
  14. Liver Cancer
  15. Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest forms of cancer and is often difficult to detect.
  16. Breast milk jaundice is associated with breast-feeding.
  17. Yellow fever is a serious, potentially deadly flu-like disease spread by mosquitoes. It's characterized by a high fever and jaundice.
  18. Infectious mononucleosis, or mono, refers to a group of symptoms usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
  19. Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection that may not present any noticeable symptoms. Although sometimes without symptoms.
  20. Calculus of gallbladder with acute cholecystitis occurs when a person has both gallstones and gallbladder inflammation.
  21. Hepatitis B is liver inflammation caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV).
  22. The hepatitis E virus is transmitted via the intestinal tract and isn't caused by the hepatitis A virus.
  23. Hepatitis D, also known as the hepatitis delta virus, is an infection that causes the liver to become inflamed.
  24. the different types of hepatitis C.
  25. Hepatitis A is inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus. This highly contagious form of hepatitis can be spread through contaminated food or water.
  26. Weil's disease is a severe form of the bacterial infection leptospirosis.

Treatment of yellow eyes focuses on the underlying medical condition.

Accompanying symptoms might include itchy skin, fullness in the stomach, fatigue, fever, pale stools, dark urine, loss of appetite, nausea and sudden weight loss.The best treatment of yellow eyes is determined by a number of tests, including one that measures the amount of bilirubin in the blood, a complete blood count and other liver tests.

The test results, along with a review of symptoms, medical history, a physical exam and possibly imaging tests, will help determine the proper diagnosis.If the underlying cause of yellow eyes is found to be an infection like hepatitis C or malaria, antibiotics, anti-fungal or anti-viral medications may be prescribed.

If alcohol or drug use are part of the diagnosis, giving up those substances will start the healing process.Diet also can play an important role. The liver processes and metabolizes most digested nutrients, and it works harder when foods are difficult to digest. This includes large amounts of refined sugars, salt and saturated fats.People with jaundice are advised to stay well-hydrated and to eat more liver-friendly foods — fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, nuts and legumes.

As the liver begins to heal with treatment, the jaundice and yellow eyes will subside.In some cases, surgery may be necessary to correct a contributing factor like a blocked bile duct.

The following tips may help to reduce the yellowing of eyes:

  • Stay hydrated.
  • Consume enough dietary fiber, which can be found in whole fruits, vegetables, beans, legumes, and whole grains.
  • Eat lean protein, such as that from fish, nuts, and legumes
  • Avoid processed or packaged foods.
  • Avoid foods rich in saturated and trans fats.
  • Avoid refined carbohydrates, which can be found in sugary baked goods and candies.
  • Do not consume alcohol excessively.
  • Stop smoking or using tobacco products.
  • Refrain from using illegal drugs or abusing prescription medications.
  • Exercise regularly.

Reference:

  • prasadnetralaya.com/are-yellow-eyes-normal
  • owlcation.com/stem/rare-eye-colors
  • wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert's_syndrome
  • healthline.com/symptom/yellow-eyes
  • improveeyesightHQ.com/alcohol-and-eye.html
  • allaboutvision.com/conditions/yellow-eyes
  • allaboutvision.com/conditions/pinguecula.htm
  • medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321746.php
  • medicalnewstoday.com/articles/312403.php
  • medicalnewstoday.com/articles/312403.php#causes-in-children-and-adults
  • holisticeye.com.au/sclera-markings/?offset=1437965471821

See also:

  • How to whiten your eyes allaboutvision.com
  • What are Jaundice and Kernicterus? cdc.gov
  • Best Home Remedies For Yellow Eyes pickaremedy.com

در هوای آلوده عینک بزنید

چشم‌ها اعضای حساس و آسیب پذیری هستند. با این‌که آلودگی هوا به‌طور مستقیم به چشم آسیب نمی‌رساند، ولی در هوای آلوده بیماری‌های سطح چشم مانند خشکی چشم، حساسیت و عفونت‌های مختلف که ممکن است در سطح پلک اتفاق بیفتند، تشدید می‌شوند و در این شرایط افراد احساس ناراحتی بیشتری می‌کنند.

علاوه بر این تحریکات سطحی مثل خارش، سوزش، اشک ریزش و قرمزی چشم را نیز به‌دنبال خواهد داشت.

اگر فرد دچار یکی از بیماری‌های چشمی باشد، در این شرایط علائم آن افزایش پیدا می‌کند. بنابراین بهتر است ابتدا بیماری زمینه‌ای خود را درمان کند.

کسانی که آلودگی هوا بیشتر آن‌ها را اذیت می‌کند می‌توانند از عینک‌های محافظ مثل عینک آفتابی یا عینک بدون شماره با فریم بزرگ که چشم را در مقابل باد، خاک و چیزهای محرک دیگر محافظت می‌کند استفاده کنند.

How can we protect our eyes from air pollution?

Doctors suggests wearing sunglasses, using lubricating eye drops, washing hands often and avoiding rubbing your eyes on days when air pollution levels are high, so as not to exacerbate any irritation.

What You Can Do to Protect Your Eyes From Bad Air Quality

Exposure to pollution and other airborne irritants increases the risk of many diseases and health conditions, including heart disease, asthma, stroke, respiratory illnesses, and lung cancer. Unfortunately, your eyes may also suffer when the air quality is bad. Taking a few of these steps will improve your eye comfort and reduce the risk of vision problems.

How Air Quality Affects Your Eyes

The moist tissues in your eyes easily absorb pollutants in the air. Short-term exposure can cause irritation and inflammation, while long-term exposure can lead to age-related macular degeneration. Your risk of eye problems increases if you spend a significant amount of time outdoors when the air quality is poor.

Airborne Pollutants Can Trigger Painful Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis, or “pink eye,” affects the conjunctiva, a layer of tissue that covers the whites of your eye and the insides of the eyelids. Redness, itching, burning, foreign body sensation, and light sensitivity are common symptoms. Although conjunctivitis can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or chemicals, air quality is also a factor, particularly among people who have allergies.

Cases of allergic conjunctivitis among Japanese ophthalmologists and their families increased when nitrogen dioxide, a common pollutant was high. Results of the survey of Japanese eye doctors appeared in the December 3, 2019 issue of Scientific Reports.

In a study published in Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science in January 2012, high levels of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter increased outpatient visits for non-specific conjunctivitis in Taiwan.

Pollution Could Be the Reason Your Eyes Feel So Dry

Do your eyes feel itchy and uncomfortable after spending time outdoors? You may be suffering from dry eye. The condition may also be to blame for blurry vision and redness. Pollution dries out the tear film that lubricates the sensitive tissues of your eyes, which causes the symptoms. Korean researchers discovered that higher ozone levels and lower humidity levels increased dry eye. Their conclusions were based on results obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Poor Air Quality Increases Your Chance of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes blurry vision or loss of vision in the center of your eye. AMD affects the macula, the center part of the retina responsible for color and central vision. You’re more likely to develop AMD if you’re over age 60 or have a family history of the disease, although pollution may also play a part in AMD, according to a recent research study.

Exposure to fine particle air pollution increased the risk of AMD in a study published in the British Journal of Ophthalmology. Some study participants also experienced changes in the thickness of their retinas due to pollution.

How You Can Reduce Your Risk of Pollution-Related Eye Issues

Although you may not be able to avoid pollution completely, these tips can help you protect your eyes:

  • Check Air Quality Forecasts. Take a look at the air quality forecast if you plan to spend time outdoors. If the air quality is unhealthy, it may be best to reschedule your activities if possible. Air quality forecasts are available on many weather websites.
  • Cover Your Eyes. Sunglasses or eyeglasses prevent pollutants from reaching your eyes. Wrap-around sunglasses offer the most protection.
  • Use Eye Drops. Lubricating eye drops keep your eyes moist and comfortable while reducing dry eye symptoms.
  • Increase Humidity. Use a humidifier in your home to increase moisture and prevent your dry eyes from feeling even worse.
  • Wear Your Glasses Instead of Contact Lenses. Contact lenses trap pollutants against your eye and increase your risk of developing dry eye and conjunctivitis. If you do wear your contacts on a day when the air quality is unhealthy, remove the lenses as soon as you return home and clean them immediately.
  • Contact Your eyeCare. Let your optometrist know if eye irritation or inflammation doesn’t improve after a day or two. Your eye doctor can prescribe eye drops that will reduce irritation, redness, and other symptoms.

عینک آفتابی در هوای ابری

خوب است بدانید که در هوای ابری هم مقادیر زیادی از اشعه خورشید از میان ابرها عبور می‌کند و پخش نور در قسمت‌های مختلف جو، UV (اشعه ماورای بنفش) قابل توجهی را در محیط ایجاد می‌کند، ولی مسلما کمتر از زمانی است که آفتاب به‌صورت کامل در آسمان وجود دارد. اگر هوا ابری ولی روشن است، طوری که نور چشمان‌تان را اذیت می‌کند، برای راحتی بیشتر از عینک آفتابی استفاده کنید. در این موارد، بسته به راحتی افراد میزان فتوکرومیک بودن عینک تنظیم می‌شود، مثلا در حالاتی مانند هوای ابری، عینک‌هایی که فتوکرومیک آنها خیلی بالا نیست، مناسبند، چون شیشه عینک کمتر تیره شده و دید فرد را مختل نمی‌کند. eResearch by Navid Ajamin

​How would sunglasses help from air pollution?

We must always wear sunglasses or eye protection when outdoors. As the face masks protect our lungs from inhaling pollution, the glasses or shades will help protect our eyes. Our cornea can be protected from dryness, itching, pathogenic bacteria, and hazardous pollutants by a layer of moisture.

How can we protect our eyes from air pollution?

Sunglasses or eyeglasses prevent pollutants from reaching your eyes. Wrap-around sunglasses offer the most protection. Use Eye Drops. Lubricating eye drops keep your eyes moist and comfortable while reducing dry eye symptoms.

Does bad air quality affect contact lenses?

Doctors have said that air pollution can damage your contact lenses, causing harm to the eyes. For this reason many are now opting for daily disposable contact lens brands rather than monthlies.

What do sunglasses protect?

Eyes filter out most, but not all, UV rays. Anything that limits UV exposure to the eye alleviates risk. Sunglasses protect your eyes and also can protect the skin around the eyes.

How does air pollution affect eyes?

Effect of long-term exposure to air pollution

Redness, soreness, and inflammation appear, and the eyes become sensitive to light, wind, and smoke. Sometimes mucus forms around the eyeballs too. The most dangerous air pollution and eye health effects include cataracts and cancer.

What causes eye pollution?

On the other hand, indoor air pollution from environmental tobacco smoking, heating, cooking, or poor indoor ventilation is also related to several eye diseases, including conjunctivitis, glaucoma, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Does light pollution affect eyesight?

Constant exposure to different wavelengths and intensities of light promoted by light pollution may produce retinal degeneration as a consequence of photoreceptor or retinal pigment epithelium cells death.

We have been hearing the news of how bad conditions have become in the capital city as it succumbs to hazardous smog. Due to this rampantly rising air pollution conditions, life has become pretty difficult and health of people living there has taken a major hit. Air pollutants present in smog adversely affects the health, especially the eyes. Dust and harmful particulate matter enter our eyes causing unclear vision, redness, burning sensation, dry eyes, and itching. They are some of the common symptoms that happen due to these elements. You are exposed to air pollutants every time you step out of your home or office, and it’s virtually impossible to be completely protected. However, there are certain practices a person can adapt to the precautionary measures to minimize these symptoms as much as possible.

1) Minimize the exposure by staying inside Avoid walking or riding a bike along busy streets. Areas which are heavily industrialized should be refrained from going. One can choose to close the windows of their car during peak traffic hour commute to prevent further exposure. If possible, don’t go out of your home or office between noon and 4pm as the air quality is lowest when the temperature is highest.

2) Wear proper eye gear when going outside Wear sunglasses every time you step outside. Make sure your sunglasses are appropriately large and have adequate UV protection for better eye protection. Wrap-around zero powered eyewear provide maximum protection.

3) Avoid rubbing eyes in case of pollutants getting in the eye If tiny pollutants enter the eyes, don’t rub your eyes, instead, wash your eyes thoroughly with cold water or apply lubricating eye drops for relief.

4) Do proper Care of eyes when inside home Wash your eyes with cold water, when you are back from outdoors. Buy a home air filter that can block out particulate matter. Place cucumbers/cold compress on your eyes and rest, to help reduce inflammation. Use lubricating eye drops recommended by specialists as a daily eye care routine.

5) Eat healthy food for better wellbeing Most important of all, eat a healthy diet including lots of carrots, green leafy vegetables, almonds, walnuts,papaya, berries, fish etc. which are extremely good for the eyes.In conclusion, for the best vision care and overall well-being of eyes, best practice would be to avoid exposure to air pollution whenever possible. Frequent blinking and keeping the eyes moist by using lubricating eye drops is a good way to relieve the symptoms. In case that infections and allergies prolong for a long period of time, visit an eye specialist at Centre for Sight for an eye check-up.

Reference:

  • cityspidey.com/news/19385/7-ways-to-protect-your-eyes-from-air-pollution
  • centreforsight.net/blog/how-to-protect-your-eyes-from-smog
  • duckloeyegroup.com/836847-poor-air-quality-and-your-eyes
  • buffalo.edu/news/ub-in-the-news/2024/Febraury/001.html

سوزش، سرخ شدن، خارش و اشكي شدن چشم ميتواند در صورت عدم درمان منجر به مشكلات جدي در فرد شود.

پنج دليل عمده سوزش چشم عبارت است از: عوامل محيط زيستي، بيماري، عفونت، عوامل شيميايي و اسيدي سوزش آور و جراحت در چشم. عوامل محيط زيستي همچون آلودگي هوا، دود سيگار يا گرد و غبار است كه موجب سوزش و آلرژي ميشوند. عوامل سوزش آور چشم مواردي از قبيل مصرف مواد شيميايي، صابون، استفاده از لنز آلوده و يا استفاده دائم از لنز را شامل ميشود.

عفونت مانند pinkeye ميتواند ويروس، باكتري و يا از نوع قارچي باشد. شما ممكن است به طور تصادفي چشم خود را بخارانيد و موجب سوزش چشم شويد. چشم شما ميتواند حتي هنگامي كه بيش از حد در معرض نور خورشيد قرار ميگيرد نيز بسوزد، شما ممكن است يك عفونت ويروسي و يا باكتريايي، سرماخوردگي يا آلرژي داشته باشيد كه باعث سوزش چشم شود و خشكي مزمن و ادواري چشم نيز ممكن است منجر به سوزش چشم شود.

هنگامي كه يك سوزش مزمن يا مكرر را تجربه ميكنيد و هيچ چيز به التيام آن كمك نميكند، هنگامي كه دچار يك سوختگي با مواد شيميايي ميشويد و يا چشم شما قرمز ميشود و زماني كه چشم شما ترشحاتي را توليد كرده و يا خوني ميشود، بايد به پزشك مراجعه كنيد.

همچنين اگرمتوجه تغييراتي در بينايي و درد غيرقابل تحمل شديد، هنگامي كه شما يك آلرژي سختي را تجربه ميكنيد، اگر بيماريهايي چشمي همانند آب مرواريد يا آب سياه داريد، اگر سوزش چشم شما همراه با سر درد، تب و يا ميگرن است و يا اگر مبتلا به ديابت هستيد بايد حتما براي معاينه و درمان به چشم پزشك مراجعه كنيد.

تشخيص و درمان:

اگر چشمان شما به طور دورهاي يا دائم خشك ميشود شما ميتوانيد با نظر پزشك از قطره و پماد استفاده كنيد.

يك چشم پزشك ميتواند به طور دقيق آزمايشاتي را انجام دهد كه مشخص ميكند شما در خطر ابتلا به خشكي مزمن چشم هستيد و اين آزمايشات ميتواند نوع درمان مناسب با چشم شما را مشخص كنند.

هنگامي كه در معرض نور خورشيد قرار ميگيرد از عينك آفتابي استفاده كنيد و يا هنگامي كه در آب كلردار مشغول شنا هستيد حتما از عينكهاي مخصوص استفاده كنيد.

در هنگام كار با مواد شيميايي همچون شويندهها و سفيدكنندهها بايد از عينكهاي ايمني آزمايشگاهي استفاده كرد و نيز در هنگام شستشو مراقب باشيد كه صابون به داخل چشم نرود و از دست زدن و يا ماليدن چشم خودداري كنيد.

عمل گذاشتن لنز درچشم بايد با رعايت نكات بهداشتي و با توصيه چشم پزشك صورت گيرد، لنزهاي آلوده ميتواند باعث عفونت و سوزش چشم شود.(۱)

Sometimes it's easy to tell what's causing an eye to burn. For example, your eyes might burn if you get chemicals in them, such as shampoo ingredients, chlorine from a swimming pomoisturizersol, or sunscreen. Other common irritants that can make your eyes burn include makeup, skin moisturizers, soap and cleaning products.

Burning eyes can have many causes. A trip to the eye doctor is the best way to get relief.

Wearing contact lenses for long periods of time also can make your eyes burn.

Burning eyes also can stem from environmental irritants like smog, smoke, dust, mold, pollen or pet dander. If you are allergic to any of these substances, they are even more likely to make your eyes burn. However, even "clean" air can cause your eyes to burn, especially when it's particularly hot, cold or dry.

Although getting something in your eyes can cause them to burn, burning eyes sometimes signal a serious eye condition. For example, conditions such as ocular rosacea, dry eyes and blepharitis can cause symptoms of burning eyes.

In fact, anything that causes inflammation can create a burning sensation. Eye allergies, as well as bacterial and viral eye infections, can cause inflammation that leads to burning eyes. Even a common cold or the flu can cause eyes to burn.

In rare instances, burning eyes can be a sign of a serious sight- or life-threatening condition such as uveitis or orbital cellulitis.

Often, burning eyes occur alongside other symptoms that can give your eye doctor clues about the root cause of your discomfort. For example, when burning eyes occur with itching, it may signal allergies; or if you have burning and eye discharge, this could mean an infection.

How To Get Relief From Burning Eyes If a household product gets in your eyes and causes burning, the first thing you should do is check the product label for specific instructions. In many cases, you will be able to safely rinse your eyes to alleviate the burning sensation.

For example, children and adults often get sunscreen in their eyes during the warmer months. Though the burning or stinging may initially be significant, rinsing your eyes gently with clean water often will provide quick relief.

If you are an allergy sufferer, your doctor may prescribe specific eye drops that can minimize the burning you might usually experience during allergy season. These drops differ from oral allergy medicines, which can sometimes cause eyes to burn by drying them out.

If you are taking an allergy medication, or any other medication that you believe is causing your eyes to burn, make sure you discuss your concerns with your doctor before discontinuing use.

Burning eyes caused by a dry eye condition usually can be relieved with frequent use of lubricating eye drops (also called artificial tears). When selecting a brand of artificial tears, consider one that is preservative-free — particularly if you plan to use the drops frequently. If your discomfort continues, let your doctor know, since there are other dry eye treatments that may be more effective and also help relieve your burning eyes.[3]

Many underlying problems and conditions can cause itchy eyes.

These underlying causes include:

  • Eyestrain: Caused from staring at a computer screen for too long or driving long distances.
  • Allergies: Contact with a foreign substance that causes itchy, red eyes, such as makeup, pollen, and dander.
  • Dry eye: A condition where the eye does not get enough lubrication throughout the day.
  • Atopic dermatitis: A type of eczema that causes red, itchy skin as well as dry eyes.
  • Conjunctivitis: A highly contagious infection often referred to as pink eye that causes red, itchy, and burning eyes.
  • Blepharitis: Inflammation of the eyelid caused by the follicle becoming blocked.
  • Meibomian gland dysfunction: When the meibomian glands are blocked and do not produce enough liquid to lubricate the eyes.
  • Some medications: Common culprits that can cause dry eyes include antihistamines and blood pressure medication.

Diagnosis
People with persistent itchy eyes should see a doctor to diagnose the cause.

A doctor will likely start by reviewing the person's medical history and symptoms. The doctor will then probably do a physical exam, which includes checking the person's eyes and eyelids. If there is any discharge on the person's eyelids, the doctor may take a sample of the discharge with a swab and send it to a lab for testing.

If a doctor suspects that an allergy is causing the itchy eyes, they may do a patch test. They might also recommend a follow-up visit with an eye doctor.

Home remedies

Using a humidifier may help to prevent the eyes and skin from becoming dry and itchy.

Some home remedies can help treat and prevent itchy eyes including:

  • applying warm and cool compresses
  • keeping the eye area clean
  • using a humidifier[4]
  • avoiding allergens
  • using eye drops
  • following the 20-20-20 rule
  • Rinse your eyelids with lukewarm water. Rinsing can remove allergens and irritants from your eye, reducing inflammation and dryness.[5]
  • Mix a small amount of baby shampoo with warm water. Dip a cotton swab into the water, and then use it to clean the base of your eyelashes. This method unclogs oil glands and minimizes inflammation.
  • Drink more water to increase eye moisture and reduce dryness. Dry eyes can trigger stinging, burning, and irritation.
  • Step away from the computer and give your eyes a break. Staring at a bright computer screen for hours may contribute to irritation and burning.
  • Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from the sun and wind.
  • Eat more omega-3 fatty acids to alleviate dry eyes and burning. Good sources of omega-3 include salmon, tuna, anchovies, and sardines. You can also receive omega-3s from flaxseeds if you’re a vegan or vegetarian. Talk to a doctor to see if supplements are right for you.
  • Apply cucumber slices over the affected eye to reduce inflammation, swelling, puffiness, and burning.

آلرژی یعنی این که بدن نسبت به برخی از عوامل خارجی واکنش بیش از حد نشان دهد. در حالت معمولی وقتی بدن در شرایط خاصی قرار می گیرد ممکن است پوست، بافت های مخاطی، بینی و چشم به عوامل محرک آن محیط واکنش نشان دهند که این امری طبیعی است، اما گاهی اوقات این واکنش بدن به آن عوامل خارجی از حد طبیعی بیشتر است که به آن افزایش حساسیت گفته می شود لذا در واقع آلرژی واکنش افزایش حساسیتی نسبت به عوامل محرک خارجی است. آلرژی دارای طیف وسیعی است و از خفیف شروع می شود و تا شکل شدید آن که به شکل آسم است ادامه پیدا می کند. آلرژی می تواند به شکل تحریکات و حساسیت های پوستی مانند قرمزی، خارش، سوزش، تغییر رنگ پوست، حتی کهیر تظاهر کند. eResearch by Navid Ajamin -- spring 2012

در آلرژی چشمی، چشم دچار قرمزی، خارش، سوزش و ریزش اشک می شود که باید آن ها را جدی گرفت. در چشم ملتحمه چشم در تماس مستقیم با مواد حساسیت زای موجود در هوا قرار می گیرد.

در ملتحمه تعداد زیادی رگ، سلول های ایمنی و مواد دفاعی وجود دارد که باعث حفاظت لایه های داخلی تر کره چشم در برابر عفونت ها و عوامل خارجی می شود. هرگاه کنترل طبیعی این واکنش های دفاعی به هم بخورد واکنش های حساسیتی ایجاد می شود لذا چشم ها به شدت می خارد، پلک ها متورم و سنگین می شوند و ممکن است به نور هم حساسیت ایجاد شود.

هنگامی که ذرات معلق در هوا پخش می شوند، در حالت معمولی چشم همه افراد قرمز می شود اما اگر چشم قدری بیشتر از حالت طبیعی واکنش نشان دهد این حالت آلرژی چشمی است. حال ممکن است در مرحله ای فرد هیچ گونه واکنش آلرژی نداشته باشد یا ممکن است در ابتدای طیف آلرژی باشد. لذا این افراد علاوه بر خارش و سوزش در بافت های مخاطی آبریزش بینی دارند و به دفعات زیاد عطسه می کنند، حتی ممکن است این افزایش حساسیت، پوست را هم درگیر کند و اختلالات تنفسی مانند آسم را ایجاد کند.

آلرژی چشمی منجر به آسم نمی شود اما ممکن است فردی که در ابتدای طیف واکنش های آلرژی زاست دچار آلرژی چشمی شود اما هیچ وقت آلرژی تنفسی پیدا نکند. به عبارت دیگر اگرچه آلرژی چشمی در ابتدای واکنش آلرژیک است اما ممکن است این عوامل محرک یا همان آلرژن ها برای هر فردی متفاوت باشد و هر فرد نسبت به یک ماده خاص حساسیت داشته باشد و عوامل محرک برای همه افراد یکسان نباشد.

برای بسیاری از بیماران این سوال پیش می آید آیا می توان عامل حساسیت زا را از بین برد تا بدن نسبت به آن واکنش نشان ندهد، جواب این سوال این است که خیر، تا زمانی که عامل محرک خارجی وجود داشته باشد می تواند روی چشم اثر بگذارد و علائم بالینی در فرد تظاهر کند. از طرفی چون نمی توانیم عامل محرک را در محیط حذف کنیم لذا به طور کامل نمی توانیم از ابتلاء به این بیماری پیش گیری کنیم اما می توانیم تا حدودی با عوامل ایجاد آلرژی چشمی مقابله کنیم.استفاده از عینک آفتابی یکی از مواردی است که به کمک آن می توان تا حدودی از تماس مستقیم عوامل محرک با چشم جلوگیری کرد. سلول هایی در داخل عروق خونی وجود دارند که در شرایط خاص مانند وجود عوامل محرک در محیط تحریک می شوند. این سلول ها پس از تحریک شدن، آزاد و از عروق خونی بدن خارج می شوند. خارج شدن این سلول ها از عروق خونی سبب ایجاد واکنش های آلرژی زا می شود که به صورت خارش، قرمزی و سوزش در بدن تظاهر می کند. هنگامی که این سلول ها در پوست آزاد شوند پوست دچار کهیر و هنگامی که در ناحیه تنفسی آزاد شوند به صورت آسم پدیدار می شود. یکی از علامت های بارز آلرژی، خارش است و وقتی نقطه ای از بدن که احساس خارش در آن جا وجود دارد خارانده می شود موجب می شود که عروق خونی گشادتر و تعداد بیشتری از سلول های عروق خونی که در بالا ذکر شد آزاد می شود وقتی هم که تعداد بیشتری از این سلول ها آزاد شود فرآیند خارش تشدید می شود.

آماری در زمینه مبتلایان به آلرژی ها وجود ندارد اما تعداد این مبتلایان بسیار زیاد است افرادی هم که زمینه آلرژی دارند بیشتر در معرض خطر هستند و واکنش آلرژی چشمی در این افراد بیشتر است.

از عوامل شیمیایی می توان به ذرات معلق پراکنده در محیط کارخانه ها و یا ذرات آلوده کننده هوا اشاره کرد که سبب تحریک چشم ها و مخاط می شود. عوامل فیزیکی هم عواملی مانند گرده گل ها و گیاهان، ذرات خاک، مو، کرک و پر حیوانات هستند که ممکن است یک چشم را و یا هر دو چشم را درگیر کنند.

ممکن است آلرژی از دوران کودکی شروع شود اما زمان اوج ابتلا به آلرژی در دوران نوجوانی و جوانی است که بدن بیشترین شدت واکنش آلرژی را دارد و سپس در سن میانسالی خودبه خود کاهش پیدا می کند.

همیشه پیش گیری آسان تر از درمان است اما چون نمی توانیم عوامل حساسیت زا را از محیط حذف کنیم می توانیم با استفاده از عینک آفتابی تا حدودی از ورود عوامل محرک به چشم جلوگیری کنیم. در صورت شدت بیماری نیز می توان با مراجعه به پزشک متخصص چشم و طبق نظر ایشان داروهایی را استفاده کرد که پاسخ بدن به عوامل محرک را کاهش داد. در صورتی که آلرژی چشمی درمان نشود فرد دچار مشکل و ناراحتی می شود و کیفیت زندگی وی پایین می آید ضمن این که در صورت خاراندن چشم، ممکن است عوامل عفونی و آلودگی نیز وارد چشم شود و مشکلات بیشتری را برای بیمار ایجاد کند. اگرچه آلرژی معمولا روی دید افراد تاثیر ندارد اما در حال حاضر در مقالات جدید عنوان شده است افرادی که در سن اوج ابتلا به آلرژی چشمی هستند ممکن است در اثر خاراندن چشم دچار قوز قرنیه چشم نیز شوند.(۲)

Reference:

  1. shahmir.org
  2. salamatnews.com
  3. allaboutvision.com
  4. medicalnewstoday.com
  5. healthline.com

As cold winter months arrive, many people will live in dry, indoor conditions with the heat on all day, which contributes to the season’s being the most common time people complain about dry, itchy and watery eyes.

Dry eye occurs when there is low tear production, or when the tear quality is poor and the tears evaporate too quickly. When people blink, tears spread evenly over the eye, keeping them smooth, healthy and clear. This is an important step for healthy, comfortable vision. However, it is estimated that 4.88 million Americans age 50 and older have dry eye, and suffer from irritated, burning and scratchy eyes.

In most cases, dry eye can be managed successfully; but colder weather is a common dry eye irritant of which people may be unaware. Dry eyes are often a common complaint for contact lens wearers during the colder, winter months.

Winter brings some of the most popular holidays of the year, but the season also comes with extreme temperatures and precipitation. Whether you love the season for its festivities or hate the season for its weather, you have to take steps to protect yourself from the potential hazards of winter conditions.

Cold can Affect Your Eyes & Vision

While you probably remember to drive more carefully and bundle up before going outside, you may overlook the seasonal threats to your eye health. These hazards often seem less obvious than an icy road or freezing morning, but eye health issues can be just as dangerous.

  1. DRYNESS Cold outdoor air and heated indoor air often have less moisture in them than other environments. In the winter, you may experience dry skin, chapped lips, and dry eyes due to this low humidity. Cold winter winds may also dry your eyes out.To minimize the drying ability of winter air, keep yourself hydrated and increase your intake of omega-3s. You may also want to run a humidifier in your home to improve the quality of your indoor air.
  2. EXCESS TEARING While some people experience a lack of tears in the winter, others have the opposite problem. Excess tearing and runny eyes can occur due to cold air, biting winds, or seasonal allergies. Pay attention to when your eyes tear up to determine the cause.If your eyes start to water when you step outside or when the wind blows your way, wear sunglasses or goggles to protect your eyes. If you experience excess tearing while indoors, try an allergy medication and appropriate eye drops to reduce the effect of seasonal allergies. If you cannot determine the cause of your watery eyes or if over-the-counter treatments have no effect, especially if the wateriness alters your vision, see an optometrist.
  3. LIGHT SENSITIVITY Winter skies can seem dark and gloomy, but snowfall and ice create many reflective surfaces that can dramatically increase the amount of light. If you have sensitive eyes, you may experience even more blinking, discomfort, and other symptoms in bright winter light.Some individuals
    The ocular frostbite involving cornea
    develop new light sensitivity during winter due to a condition known as “snow blindness,” which we’ll discuss in more detail in section five. Always protect your eyes when going outdoors for long periods of time, including when walking, shoveling snow, or performing other routine activities.
  4. REDNESS Harsh winter conditions can cause redness, tenderness, and inflammation in the eye area. You may have swollen eyelids or discoloration of your eye itself. You may also notice eyelid spasms or involuntary tics if your eyes become particularly irritated.This redness could result from dry eye, seasonal allergies, or snow blindness. To reduce the discomfort of inflamed eyes, apply a cool compress like a damp washcloth and take an over-the-counter pain killer. If your symptoms persist, see an eye doctor to determine the cause of the irritation.
  5. SUNBURN When you picture a sunburn, you likely imagine redness and blisters on the skin, but long periods of light exposure can damage your eyes too. Eye sunburn and snow blindness often occur simultaneously. If you notice an increase in your light sensitivity, your eyes may have sustained UV damage, especially if you also experience itchiness or pain.You are most vulnerable to UV damage when participating in outdoor activities at high elevations. If you enjoy winter sports like skiing and sledding, always wear eye protection. If you experience the symptoms of eye sunburn, see your optometrist. Treatment can decrease your acute discomfort and decrease the risk of long-term complications, including vision loss and macular degeneration.
  6. VISION CHANGES While many winter eye health problems result from increased light or decreased moisture, you can also experience eye conditions caused by the cold temperature. Extremely low temperatures cause the blood vessels in and around the eyes to constrict, and this constriction can cause immediate vision changes, such as blurriness and double vision. These changes are most likely to occur when you stay outside for long periods of time in temperatures that are well below freezing.If you notice vision changes while out in the cold, move to a warm area as soon as possible. If your normal vision doesn’t return after 30 minutes or so, seek medical attention. An optometrist may use medicated eye drops to help the blood vessels in your eye dilate back to their normal size.
    The Dangers of Frostbite

If you experience any of the seasonal problems listed above, consult with an eye doctor. While some eye health issues will clear up as the temperatures rise, others may become more uncomfortable and potentially dangerous without medical attention.

A common trigger for dry eye can be the humidity in the air. University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Ophthalmology instructor Marissa K. Locy, O.D., says there are a variety of tools people can use to prevent dry eye in colder weather.

“On average, the humidity drops in the winter with the colder weather,” Locy said. “In addition, most people turn on the heat in their homes or offices to combat the cold. So, what you end up having is lower humidity outside, and even lower humidity inside, making for warm, dry conditions where moisture can evaporate from the eye faster than normal.”

This can leave the eyes feeling gritty, dry, stuck and irritated. For those susceptible to dry eye or think they might be suffering from dry eye, here are some protective steps to take:

Use a humidifier: If you spend time in heated environments, use a humidifier to add some moisture back into the air. This can help restore humidity, and moisture to the eyes.

Clean your contacts: With cold weather, your eyes could dry even more with contacts, so make sure you are always wearing clean contacts to reduce risk of infection and itching.

Drink lots of fluids: Keeping your body hydrated will help maintain moisture in your eyes.

Protect your eyes: If you know you will be outdoors in harsh weather conditions — extreme cold or wind — make sure to wear eye protection or a hat with a visor to keep the wind and particles from getting in your eyes.

Divert heat from your face: You might not feel it at the time, but blowing heat directly onto your face is drying up moisture in your eyes. Turn the vents in your car down toward your lower body to prevent this direct contact.

See your doctor: Occasional bouts of dry eyes can eventually progress into dry eye disease.

People with dry eyes may experience itchy, aching, fatigued, burning or red eyes. Blurred vision and sensitivity to light may also occur. Although dry eye cannot be cured, it is possible to relieve symptoms with eye drops and ointments, medication, or plugging some of the tear ducts to slow the drainage of tears once they collect on the eye’s surface. Certain new treatments can provide significant relief. eResearch by Navid Ajamin -- spring 2010

Reference:

  • uab.edu/news/youcanuse/item/8951-cold-weather-woes-and-dry-eyes
  • allabouteyes.com/cold-weather-woes-6-ways-winter-can-affect-eyes

See also:

  • The ocular frostbite involving cornea caused by low-temperature environment
  • Can a Common Cold Affect Your Eyes?

این روزها بحث آلودگی هوا و وجود ذرات ریز معلق در آن، از جمله مهم‌ترین موضوعاتی است که بر سلامتی ما سایه ‌افکنده است. شاید تاثیر آلودگی‌ هوا بر ریه و قلب مشخص‌تر از دیگر اندام های بدن باشد و کمتر کسی از تاثیر این آلودگی‌های زیست‌محیطی بر روی چشم اطلاع داشته باشند. این مشکل در کلان‌شهرها به‌ویژه در تهران بارزتر است.

تقریبا همه تاثیر آلودگی هوا را در بدن خود حس می‌کنند. در هوای آلوده، دود ناشی از سوخت خودروها، ریزگردها، مونوکسیدکربن، دی‌اکسیدنیتروژن، ازن، آلاینده‌های آلی، ذرات غیرعادی دیگر مثل آزبست، همه و همه تاثیرات مضر جبران‌ناپذیری روی بدن انسان می‌گذارند. البته آثار آلودگی هوا بر افراد، با مشکل قلبی و ریوی قابل مشاهده است. تنگی نفس و کبودی لب‌ها از علایم آن می‌باشد.

ریزگردها ذراتی بسیار ریزتر از شن و به قطر چند میکرون هستند که به راحتی در ریه رفته و حتی از آن عبور می کنند و در طولانی مدت در عروق ریز رسوب کرده و باعث التهاب عروق می‌گردند (شبیه به آترواسکلروز) و باعث کم‌شدن کیفیت خون‌رسانی به چشم ها می‌شوند که درست مثل افزایش میزان مونوکسیدکربن خون، باعث خاکستری دیدن رنگ‌ها می‌گردند.

Image result for pollution affects eyes

وقتی خون‌رسانی و اکسیژن‌رسانی به چشم مختل شود، در طولانی مدت باعث ایجاد آب مروارید می‌گردد (درست مثل عوارض سیگار).

قدرت چسبندگی مولکول های مونوکسیدکربن به گلبول‌های قرمز خون، 200 برابر مولکول های اکسیژن است. در هوای سالم 6 ساعت و با کپسول اکسیژن خالص سی‌دقیقه طول می‌کشد تا مونوکسیدکربن از خون برود و خون پاک شود.

غیر از مونوکسیدکربن و دی‌اکسید نیتروژن، سرب نیز در هوا وجود دارد. سرب با غلظت 60 میکروگرم در دسی‌لیتر خون، سبب افزایش ورم مغزی می‌شود که علایم آن سردرد و کاهش دید است و حاصل مسمومیت مزمن آن کم‌خونی، افسردگی و کند ذهنی می‌باشد.

اشک ریزش

ذرات شیمیایی موجود در هوا مثل نیترات‌ها و ازون، سبب ایجاد سوزش چشم ناشی از اسیدی شدن سطح اشک می‌گردند و قرمزی و اشک‌ریزش ایجاد می‌کنند (مثل بوی پیاز پوست کنده که با ایجاد اسید سولفوریک در چشم، اشک ریزش ایجاد می‌کند).

Image result for Air pollution can also damage the eyes
The Adverse Effects of Air Pollution on the Eye

Studies have also linked high air pollution levels to increased occurrences of dry eye syndrome. Dry eye syndrome is a chronic condition in which your eyes can’t produce the right amount of tears to stay wet. This lack of moisture makes your eyes feel gritty, scratchy, or itchy, or produces a burning sensation.

Another study has shown some correlation between the levels of oxidants in the air and eye irritation at certain times of the year. The presence of aerosol is also suggested to be a critical factor. Oxidants can dissolve in the tear film and acidify it, further irritating the mucous membrane of the eye.

Commonly found air pollutants in metropolitan cities include:

  • Carbon monoxide
  • Nitrogen dioxide
  • Sulfur dioxide
  • Arsenic, asbestos, benzene, lead, chlorofluorocarbons, particulate matter and dioxin

Symptoms in the Eye

Image result for eye in air pollution

The frequently observed symptoms of air pollution-induced eye problem include:

  • Burning and redness
  • Irritation
  • Watering
  • Discharge
  • Allergy with severe itching, redness, discharge, swelling of the eyes and difficulty in opening them
  • Increased risk of infections
  • Itching
  • Gritty sensation
  • Visual difficulties including refractive errors and impaired color vision
  • Cataracts
  • Cancers
  • ...

The treatment of eye symptoms without infection or allergy is simply to cool the eyes by washing them gently with clean water, followed by a cool compress. Lubricating eye drops and using sunglasses are also helpful options. Contact lenses and eye makeup should be avoided until the eyes are healed completely.

Image result for kids in air pollution

While you can’t always prevent dry eye syndrome as acquiring of this condition increases with age, there are many steps you can take to minimise your risk of infections.

These include: eResearch by Navid Ajamin -- winter 2009

  • The golden rule, of course, would be to avoid exposure to harmful pollutants. On days when the pollution levels are such that there is a public health warning, please stay indoors, especially in the early hours of the morning when the pollution levels are at their peak. In case you cannot avoid exposure to the environment and have to step out, make sure you wear protective eyeglasses which will minimize your exposure to the pollution causing agents.
  • Wearing sunglasses or goggles while outdoors.
  • Avoiding vigorous eye rubbing in case of irritation.
  • Taking plenty of fluids to stay hydrated - if you don’t have enough water in your body, you won't be able to produce the amount of tears you need for pain-free eyes.
  • Using lubricating eye drops given by eye specialists.
  • Not wearing contact lens and eye makeup if eyes are feeling sore.
  • Not smoking since cigarette smoke quickly dries out your eyes and cause constant eye irritation.
  • Installing a high-quality air filter at home to keep outdoor air pollutants out of your nest.
  • Have a healthy diet rich in Omega 3 fatty acid including lots of green leafy vegetables, carrots, spinach, almonds, walnuts, berries and fish which are extremely good for the eyes.
  • Avoid the excessive use of screen devices, including mobile phones and laptops. If essential, ensure adequate periods of rest to avoid eye fatigue, dry eyes, and computer vision syndrome.

نفس کشیدن زن باردار در هوای آلوده باعث کند ذهنی جنین او به علت افزایش میزان سرب، مونوکسیدکربن و آلاینده‌های آلی در خون مادر می‌گردد. استفاده از منابع غذایی چربی امگا 3 ، ویتامین C و E ، آب نارنج، آب انار و چای سبز در پاک سازی خون از این آلاینده ها بسیار موثر است.

اگر موتور سواری، بدون عینک محافظ انجام شود، به علت خیس بودن چشم ها، ذرات آلاینده‌ هوا ، در تمام مسیر فیلتر شده و روی چشم می‌نشینند و آلودگی هوا چند برابر در چشم رسوب می‌کند و عوارض زیادی بر جای می‌گذارد که قرمزی، سوزش، تغییر رنگ سفیدی چشم و کدر شدن آن، ضخیم شدن و قرمز شدن لبه پلک از عوارض آن است.

Beware! 5 Major Eye Problems Caused by Air Pollution

  1. Air Pollution Causes Dry Eye Syndrome
  2. Air Pollution Increases the Risk of Strabismus
  3. Air Pollution Causes Allergic Conjunctivitis in Children
  4. Air Pollution Causes Acute Uveitis
  5. Air Pollution Causes Open-Angle Glaucoma

To summarize, it can be said that air pollution contributes to a wide range of eye disorders. Dry eyes are the most common nuisance in big cities.

Children are particularly susceptible to pollutants as they can develop strabismus as well as allergic conjunctivitis. Fine particles can also acute uveitis while exposure to industrial pollutants can lead to glaucoma.

Hence, it can be seen that the eyes are the most vulnerable to damage caused by air pollution.

In fact, children and the elderly are more prone to developing diseases as their eyes are quite sensitive to any kind of particles.

Also, if you have a history of allergies, it is always advisable to protect your eyes, particularly during the daytime.

Reference:

  • parsiteb.com
  • eye7.in/eye-care-in-air-pollution
  • news-medical.net/health/Air-Pollution-and-Eye-Health.aspx
  • airhealth.in/health-problems/beware-5-major-eye-problems-caused-by-air-pollution
  • zeenews.india.com/health/air-pollution-how-it-affects-your-eyes-helpful-tips-to-protect-your-vision-1948647

به دلیل وجود بسیاری از آلاینده ها و گرد و غبار در جو و هوای کنونی کشور به این نکات مهم توجه فرمائید.

* کودکان و سالخوردگان و بیماران ریوی و خاص حتما از رفت و آمد در خیابان های شلوغ و آلوده اجتناب کنند.

* منزل و جاهایی که فضای سبز سالمی داشته باشد بهترین مکان برای عموم مردم است.

* در حد امکان از تردد در سطح شهر اجتناب کنید.

* بیماران ریوی و همه کسانی که حساسیت به اینگونه آلاینده های زیست محیطی دارند حتما از ماسک (فروش در تمامی داروخانه های معتبر در سطح کشور) استفاده کنند .

«چنانچه شما در این وضعیت بیماری تان حادتر شده است حتما به پزشک معالج خود مراجعه نمائید»

* ترجیحا استفاده از کولرهای گازی به جای کولرهای آبی و بدانید گرم بودن محیط مشکلات این بیماران را بیشتر می کند.

The Air Quality Index (AQI) associates a numerical value of particulates with a color and an advisory warning. (AirNow)

On days when pollution levels are low, you don’t need to be worried about going outside. Children shouldn’t be stopped from going to school or taking part in games. But even on these days, it’s a good idea to avoid spending long periods of time in places where pollution levels build up, such as busy roads – particularly if you have a lung condition.

As air pollution levels rise, people with lung conditions are at an increased risk of becoming ill and needing treatment. When levels are high, the government will issue an air pollution alert. If you or your child has a long-term lung condition, it’s sensible to take extra precautions on these high pollution days:

  • Reduce or avoid strenuous, outdoor exercise. If you have a lung condition, exercise has many benefits, so if possible, keep doing your exercise indoors in a well-ventilated room or gym.
  • Stay away from pollution hotspots such as main roads and busy road junctions.
  • Try to get to work a little earlier before rush hour has begun and levels of pollution have built up.
  • If you cycle, run or walk as part of your commute, use back streets away from the bulk of vehicle congestion.
  • Make sure you carry your reliever inhaler with you if you use one.
  • If you have asthma, use your preventer inhaler regularly.

If you find your condition is getting worse, or if you’re getting wheezy or coughing from walking outside, get in touch with your doctor. If you’re out and about, you could also call into any chemist, where a pharmacist can also give you advice.

Anyone who experiences discomfort such as sore eyes, a cough or a sore throat should consider reducing their levels of physical activity outdoors.

Reference:

  • How to Breathe Easy in Polluted Cities citylab.com
  • How can I protect myself from air pollution? blf.org.uk

See also:

  • How to Help Stop Pollution wikihow.com
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عینک eyewear وبلاگ تخصصی عینک شامل مجموعه مطالب پزشکی است که اطلاعات مفیدی در رابطه با عینک , چشم، لنز، سلامتی چشم و راه های پیشگیری از بیماریهای چشمی، کنترل و درمان آن را در اختیار شما کاربر محترم می گزارد.

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Navid Ajamin نوید عجمین
eMail: navid.aj@outlook.com
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